33^rd Annual Conference on Neonatology and Perinatology June 06-07, 2022 London, UK

Perinatology is a subspecialty of obstetrics. It deals with the therapeutic care of the newborn and mother in complicated pregnancies. Perinatology is also defined as maternal-fetal medicine. Since the infants are medicated, it is also comparable with the Neonatology.

Neonatal Infections are infections of the newborns. It may occur during prenatal development or before the first month after birth. During birth, if the child swallowed the body fluids, bacteria or viruses may affect the newborn's immune system and leads to neonatal infections. Sepsis is the most common neonatal infection. It is a blood or bloodstream infection and It can be caused by bacteria (Escherichia coli, Listeria).

Neonatal Syndromes are a group of symptoms occur together and affect the health of infants. The infants affected by syndromes will suffer at their early or later stage in their lives.

I. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome:

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a group of conditions. When a baby is exposed to addictive opiate drugs while in the mother’s womb may lead to the NAS. Mostly the problems occur at the later stages of life.

II. Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome:

Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome is caused by intrauterine blood transfusion from one twin to another twin. TTTS mostly occurs when the blood transfer between identical twins with the common monochorionic placenta.

The heart abnormality in the newborn may lead to congenital heart disease. It may affect the heart walls, valves and blood vessels of the infant. Congenital heart disease is a common Neonatal cardiac disease. Newborns affected with the congenital heart disease are symptomatic and the disease could be identified after birth. If there is any delay in diagnosis may lead to high-risk to increase the mortality rate.

After birth, Infants have an immature immune system, it leads them to high risk for infection. Neonatal vaccination meant to avert a sickness in infants. Vaccines, such as Hepatitis B-vaccine (HBV), Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), Rotavirus vaccine (RV) can evoke protective neonatal responses. The antenatal steroid will enhance the pulmonary maturity attacking microorganisms and infections and deliver substances to destroy.

For specialty care, premature infants are kept in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The Doctor who is specialized in managing and treating newborn/neonate’s healthiest Neonatologist. Mostly infant with low birth weight (Less than 2500g), high bodyweight and other Neonatal diseases are treated under the NICUs.

Neonatal-perinatal medicine is subspecialty pediatrics. It deals with intensive care for premature infants critically ill newborns. The neonatologist will screen and treat the medical condition (birth defect, omphalocele, gastroschisis) of the neonate and the mother with high-risk pregnancies.

Newborns who are born with an illness or severe diseases may require surgery. The neonatal surgeries are conducted within the first day (24 hours) of birth. For the infants affected with congenital heart disease, the surgery or catheter-based intervention will be conduct before the first year, from birth.

After birth, the newborn requires an adequate supply of nutrition. Formulas and supplements were recommended as alternate nutrition for Maternal breast milk. The fluid, electrolyte, and nutrition management (FEN) methods are implemented for premature infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Neonatal Pulmonology is a medical specialty. It deals with the disease involving the respiratory tract of the infants. Neonatal Pulmonology focusing on the health of the infant’s respiratory system (including lungs, airways and respiratory muscles). The doctor who is specialized in diagnosing and treating the condition which affects the respiratory system is the Pulmonologist.

Neonatal Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine and surgery. It deals with the eye disorders (amblyopia, conjunctivitis), immature visual development and curing of eye diseases in infants. The screening of infants for Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may help to prevent severe visual sequelae such as blindness in infants.

Neonatal Neurology is a branch of medicine, which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of high-risk neurological conditions and disease in newborn infants. It comprises of all the neonatal diseases, such as Seizure, and Hypotonia. The doctor who gives therapeutic treatment to infants with disorders, which affect the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, is Neurologist.

Neonatal Nursing is a subspecialty of nursing. They work in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units to take care of the infants with birth defects, illness or disorders.

Neonatal research is research work that will help to improvise the health of premature and neonatal disease infected infants. It comprises of examination of the body system, develops therapeutic care for infants to prevent from the neonatal diseases, drug addiction and maternal-fetal health problems.

The neonate's survival requires high specialty care for the first month from birth. There are many possibilities to increase the infant mortality rate in their first month, globally nearly one infant dead in 1000 live birth in their initial stage after birth. The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) is weekend into the early and late mortality rate. Worldwide around 2.6 million infants die at their first month from birth.

An innovation-friendly environment allows people to work together, test new ideas, and engage in active learning. There are a few key ingredients that can support innovation in the early childhood field: Ideas for taking action that are grounded in the latest science and informed by on-the-ground experience.

Baby's developing brain needs:

1. Responsive, nurturing, positive experiences. Everyday experiences help shape your baby's brain from your daily routines to the people your baby comes in contact.
2. Fun activities: Talking, reading and singing to your baby are all fun and easy ways to help them grow.

Neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal mortality and a major public health problem, especially in developing countries.

Neonatal and Adolescent medicine is the division of Neonatology which includes group of neonatologists which diagnose the critically ill newborn infants, give education on the severe conditions that may arise to the pediatricians, neonatologists, neonatal nurses, Neonatology Conferences, neonatal practitioners, regulate and organize research to give insights to the diseases and enhance the healthcare in the field of neonatology.

• Medical and Legal Aspects of Respiratory Care
• Principles of Lung-Protective Ventilation
• Medical Malpractice
• Neonatal Neurointensive Care

Neonatal nephrology is concerned about kidney or urinary tract infections, bladder issues, or hypertension in the babies happening because of the progress from the aqueous condition of the mother's womb to dry land making difficulties to the neonate to manage the composition and volume of the extracellular fluid.

• Glomerular filtration rate
• Serum creatinine
• Tubular function
• Acid excretion

Child and adolescent mental health are said to be the ability to achieve and keep up the ideal psychological working of the prosperity. It is identified with the level reached and ability accomplished in the social and mental functioning. 10-20 % of the adolescent | infant world is suffering with mental disorder. It is necessary to address this problem, to strengthen the infants or a children’s menta health. Neonatologists and Pediatrician carry a greater responsibility towards shaping the child’s mental health.

Neonatal syndrome is the study of various diseases and disorders occurring in New born infants and toddlers. During the infant time frame, the facial highlights and nearness of innate heart imperfection are the discoveries that lead regularly to the diagnosis following a frequently unforeseen result after a long pregnancy. Prematurity Respiratory dysfunction birth trauma congenital malformations

Maternal Fetal Medicine

Maternal Fetal medication is a subspecialty of medicine that centers on administration of strength of both mother and baby prior to, during, and even after pregnancy. Maternal Fetal Medicine experts assist the mother with being healthy while her body changes as her infant develop.

• Uterine Rupture
• Chromosomal Microarray Analysis
• Neurology and Pregnancy
• Hemolytic Disease

A pregnancy that has advanced with no issues can in any case have an approach to complications during delivery. An infant conceived before 37 weeks is viewed as a premature infant and is in danger of numerous difficulties of prematurity, for example, juvenile lungs, respiratory pain, and stomach related issues. Gestational diabetes Preeclampsia Preterm labor Miscarriage

Neonatal conjunctivitis otherwise called ophthalmia neonatorum, is a kind of disease presents amid the primary month of life and is procured during delivery. The child's eyes are tainted during entry through the birth canal from the mother infected with either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis.

• Bacterial infection
• Chemical inflammation
• Viral infection